As of now situation of coronavirus is rollercoaster ride where new variants of coronavirus is popping up making global confirmed cases as well as deaths increasing. According to WHO, confirmed cases is around 578,142,444 people and lost souls around 6,405,080 people worldwide (1). This makes coronavirus pandemic even more dangerous than last pandemic Swine flu (H1N1) (2).
The delta variant is the fastest, fittest and most formidable version of all the coronavirus that causes covid-19 the world has encountered. Currently United States which has experienced more coivd-19 cases and deaths than any other country, the delta variant represents about 83% of new infections. (3)
What makes the delta variant dangerous?
• Viral loads in Delta infections were ~1000 times higher than those in infections caused by other
variants making more transmissible.
• Delta is almost twice as transmissible as original Wuhan strain of SARS-CoV-2.
• Delta is 40-60% more transmissible than alpha.
• Tend to alter the structure of the spike protein making more efficient in attaching itself to the human
host cells and multiplies swiftly, doing more damage than an originally COVID strain.
• ABILITY TO ESCAPE NATURAL AS WELL AS VACCINE-INDUCED IMMUNITY
• EVEN fully vaccinated people can contract the virus, they are less likely to contract severe illnesses
CLINICAL SYMPTOMS OF COVID-19
Out of 204 cases of COVID-19 patients (average age: 52.9 years; 107 men & 97 women), 97 people showed both digestive symptoms and respiratory symptoms. 84 people showed respiratory symptoms only. 6 people showed digestive symptoms only.
Symptoms of Digestive Health
Diarrhea, Constipation, Abdominal pain, Nausea, Loss of appetite, and vomiting
Symptoms of Respiratory health:
Shortness of breath, fatigue, chest pain or pressure, loss of speech or movement, Dry cough.
COVID 19 long term symptoms after vaccination:
Extreme tiredness (fatigue) shortness of breath chest pain or tightness problems with memory and concentration (“brain fog”) difficulty sleeping (insomnia) heart palpitations dizziness pins and needles joint pain depression and anxiety tinnitus, earaches feeling sick, diarrhea, stomach aches, loss of appetite a high temperature, cough, headaches, sore throat, changes to sense of smell or taste rashes.(7)
Relation of SARS-CoV-2 (Coronavirus), Dysbiosis, and replication of coronavirus
Dysbiosis and treatment or prevention:
Dysbiosis leads to
- Pathogen multiplication (SARS-CoV-2 receptor production)
2. Altered immune response
3. Alter the microflora while also dropping significantly but after time Microflora diversified again but with different bacteria than before the infection
4. Tissue Damage
Gastrointestinal treatment or prevention and also ACE inhibitors is necessary
- Micro ecological preparation
- Restore intestinal microflora
- Restore intestinal mucosa
- Improve intestinal barrier function
- Boost Immune response: Pro-inflammatory (pathogen clearance)
- Boost Immune response: Anti-inflammatory (tissue resolution in lung)
2. ACE2 Inhibitors
3. Diet and Enteral Nutrition
How Sunfiber (PHGG) helps in the Gut Immune system?
Sunfiber (PHGG) covers all the defense lines in the gut immune system making perfect prebiotic fiber to help in the gut immune system. This is also proven with 3 clinical studies where 5.2g of PHGG intake in elderly patients in LTC ward and CR ward protected patients from influenza.
How EGCg helps for treatment of coronavirus disease:
Coronaviruses encode polyproteins that are cleaved by 3CL protease (the main protease) for maturation. Therefore, 3CL protease is regarded as the main target of antivirals against coronaviruses.
• EGCG inhibits the enzymatic activity of the coronavirus 3CL protease and also 3CL protease-EGCG interaction is highly stable making drug like characteristics towards 3CL protease.
• EGCG has been reported to regulate other potential targets, such as RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) with studies in Influenza A virus.
• EGCG modulates the viral spike protein and ACE2 interaction to inhibit entry of coronavirus into host cells
• EGCG treatment blocked replication of coronavirus.
• EGCG can relieve coronavirus symptoms by modulating the immune system.
We have green tea extracts (Sunphenon) with lot of different percentage of EGCg content from 25% to 94% under brand name Sunphenon or Teavigo. Based on studies, EGCg concentration is more in the gut when consumed through oral than other organs.
Highest Concentration was absorbed when 500mg per body weight is consumed in the rat that is Human equivalent to 81mg/d. EGCg also prevents fecal-oral and respiratory transmission of COVID-19 [14].
Treatment and Prevention of PHGG+ EGCG on Coronavirus:
With combination of 5.2g PHGG and 81mg EGCG (Max 300mg), you get a potential treatment and prevention on Coronavirus affected patients.
Author:
Theertham Akilesh Sai, Head of India Sales Division, Taiyo Kagaku India Pvt. Ltd Dr. Stefan Siebrecht, Managing Director, Taiyo GMBH
Reference:
1) https://covid19.who.int/
2) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_swine_flu_pandemic
3) https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/rest-of-world/how-the-delta-variant-upends-assumptions-aboutthe-coronavirus/articleshow/84758160.cms
4) Pan L et al. Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients With Digestive Symptoms in Hubei, China: A Descriptive, Cross-Sectional, Multicenter Study Am J Gastroenterol 2020, Apr 15.
5) https://asm.org/Articles/2021/July/How-Dangerous-is-the-Delta-Variant-B-1-617-2
6) https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/health-news/explainer-why-does-the-deltavariant-spread-sofast/photostory/84819747.cms?picid=84819781
7) https://healthcare-in-europe.com/en/news/covid-19-survivors-have-increased-risk-of-death.html
8) https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/coronavirus-covid-19/long-term-effects-of-coronavirus-long-covid/
9) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3864899/
10) https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/ajpgi.00148.2020
11) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7723378/
12) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352304220301185
13) https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/4/8/e005047
14) Park J, Park R, Jang M, Park YI. Therapeutic Potential of EGCG, a Green Tea Polyphenol, for Treatment of Coronavirus Diseases. Life (Basel). 2021 Mar 4;11(3):197. doi: 10.3390/life11030197. PMID: 33806274; PMCID:PMC8002208.
15) Dang, Anh Thu; Marsland, Benjamin J. (2019): Microbes, metabolites, and the gut-lung axis. In: Mucosal immunology 12 (4), S. 843–850. DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0160-6.
16) Enaud, Raphaël; Prevel, Renaud; Ciarlo, Eleonora; Beaufils, Fabien; Wieërs, Gregoire; Guery, Benoit; Delhaes, Laurence (2020): The Gut-Lung Axis in Health and Respiratory Diseases: A Place for Inter-Organ and Inter-Kingdom Crosstalks. In: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology 10, S. 9. DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00009.
17) Zuo, Tao; Zhang, Fen; Lui, Grace C. Y.; Yeoh, Yun Kit; Li, Amy Y. L.; Zhan, Hui et al. (2020): Alterations in Gut Microbiota of Patients With COVID-19 During Time of Hospitalization. In: Gastroenterology 159 (3), 944-955.e8.
18) Zhou, J., Li, C., Liu, X. et al. Infection of bat and human intestinal organoids by SARS-CoV-2. NatMed 26, 1077–1083 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0912-6
19) Crackower MA, Sarao R, Oudit GY, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is an essential regulator of heart function. Nature 2002; 417: 822–828
20) Hamming I, Timens W, Bulthuis ML, Lely AT, Navis G, van Goor H. Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis. J Pathol. 2004 Jun;203(2):631-7
21) Li W, Moore MJ, Vasilieva N, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus. Nature 2003; 426: 450–454.
22) Crackower MA, Sarao R, Oudit GY, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is an essential regulator of heart function. Nature 2002; 417: 822–828
23) Hamming I, Timens W, Bulthuis ML, Lely AT, Navis G, van Goor H. Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis. J Pathol. 2004 Jun;203(2):631-7
24) Li W, Moore MJ, Vasilieva N, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus. Nature 2003; 426: 450–454.
25) Yang, Tao; Chakraborty, Saroj; Saha, Piu; Mell, Blair; Cheng, Xi; Yeo, Ji-Youn et al. (2020): Gnotobiotic Rats Reveal That Gut Microbiota Regulates Colonic mRNA of Ace2, the Receptor for SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity. In: Hypertension 76 (1), e1-e3.
26) Horii Y, Uchiyama K, Toyokawa Y, Hotta Y, Tanaka M, Yasukawa Z, Tokunaga M, Okubo T, Mizushima K, Higashimura Y, Dohi O, Okayama T, Yoshida N, Katada K, Kamada K, Handa O, Ishikawa T, Takagi T, Konishi H, Naito Y, Itoh Y. Partially hydrolyzed guar gum enhances colonic epithelial wound healing via activation of RhoA and ERK1/2. Food Funct. 2016 Jul 13;7(7):3176-83.
27) Okubo et al. Effects of Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum Intake on Human Intestinal Microflora and Its Metabolism. (1994) Biosci Biotech Biochem, 58: 1364
28) Hung & Suzuki (2018) J Nutr, 148: 552–561.
29) Majima A, Naito Y, et al. Real-time monitoring of trans-epithelial electrical resistance in cultured intestinal epithelial cells: the barrier protection of water-soluble dietary fiber. (2017) J Dig Dis, 18: 151.
30) Kim et al., Gut Microbial Metabolites Fuel Host Antibody Responses 2016, Cell Host & Microbe 20, 202–214
31) Antunes KH et al. Microbiota-derived acetate protects against respiratory syncytial virus infection through a GPR43-type 1 interferon response. Nat Commun 10, 3273 (2019).
32) Fachi JL et al. Acetate coordinates neutrophil and ILC3 responses against C. difficile through FFAR2. J ExpMed. 2020 Mar 2;217(3):jem.20190489.
33) Furasawa et al. Commensal microbe-derived butyrate induces the differentiation of colonic regulatory T cells.(2013) Nature, 504: 446
34) Ji, J., Shu, D., Zheng, M. et al. Microbial metabolite butyrate facilitates M2 macrophage polarization and function. Sci Rep 6, 24838 (2016).
35) Trompette A et al. (2018): Dietary Fiber Confers Protection against Flu by Shaping Ly6c- Patrolling Monocyte Hematopoiesis and CD8+ T Cell Metabolism. In: Immunity 48 (5), 992-1005.e8.
36) Velazquez et al. Effect of Oligosaccharides and Fibre Substitutes on Short-chain Fatty Acid Production by Human Faecal Microflora. (2000) anaerobe 6: 87-92.
37) Takahashi, Chika & Kozawa, Masayuki. (2021). The effect of partially hydrolysed guar gum on preventing influenza infection. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. 42. 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.11.030.